Notes on networking, DNS, streaming and the tools at fyro.net
This blog no longer runs WordPress. It runs a piplet. If you missed the announcement, Matt Mullenweg revived a 2007 experiment at WordCamp US 2026 called a piplet: a single, self-modifying PHP file that stores its own...
TURN (Traversal Using Relay NAT) and STUN (Session Traversal Utilities for NAT) servers are used to help establish and maintain real-time communications, such as VoIP calls, video conferencing, and online gaming...
FFmpeg is a powerful command-line tool that can be used to convert media files from one format to another. Here's how FFmpeg works to convert a picture to a different format: Input file: The first step is to specify the...
We've recently been developing applications for streaming live video, and experimenting with different streaming protocols. We started off with HLS, but since the use case required extremely low latency, we eventually...
We recently ran into a problem where a DNS query was failing because the response was too large. The maximum size of a DNS response that can be sent over UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is 512 bytes. This is because the...
Single-threaded and multi-threaded file transfers refer to the method by which files are transferred over a network. Here's a brief overview of each approach: Single-threaded file transfer: In a single-threaded file...
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a popular interior gateway protocol (IGP) used for routing within an autonomous system (AS) in large enterprise networks and service provider networks. OSPF is a link-state protocol...
There are several types of DNS (Domain Name System) records, each serving a different purpose. Here are some of the most common types: A (Address) Record: This record maps a domain name to an IPv4 address. AAAA (IPv6...
The Fyro File Converter supports most common animated picture files, like GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) and APNG (Animated Portable Network Graphics). The main difference between these two formats is the way they...
CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) notation is a compact representation of an IP address and subnet mask. It is used to express the number of bits that make up the network portion of the IP address. CIDR notation is...
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